Front 17
RUDIMENTS
OF
MUSIC.
Continued.
COMPOUND.
12.
How
is
the
first
mode
of
compound
time
known?
By
the
figures
six
over
four.
It
has
a
dotted
semi-breve
for
measure
notes,
rendered
in
two
and
one-half
seconds,
two
beats
to
the
measure,
down
and
up,
accented
on
first
and
fourth
parts
of
the
measure.
It
is
also
called
six-four
time.
(Example
-).
13.
How
about
the
second
mode
of
compound
time?
It
is
known
by
six
over
eight.
One
and
one-half
seconds
to
the
measure,
two
beats,
down
and
up,
accented
on
the
first
and
fourth
parts
of
the
measure.
It
has
a
dotted
minim
for
a
beat
note.
(Example
below.)
In
some
of
the
books
this
is
called
Compound
Double
and
in
some
Sextuple
time.
14.
What
about
intermediate
tones?
They
occur
between
the
regular
tones
of
a
key.
15.
In
the major
key
when
do
we
find
intermediate
tones?
Between
1
and
2,
2
and
3,
4
and
5,
6
and
7.
16.
Are
there
any
other
modes?
Yes,
there
are
also
modes
of
time
as
follows:
They
are
not
so
frequently
used
by
composers
as
those
mentioned
above.
(Example
below.)
17.
What
are
the
Fractions,
placed
at
the
beginning
of
a
composition?
The
yare
called
Numerator
and
Denominator.
18.
What
does
the
Numerator
denote?
The
number
of
pulsation
in
a
measure.
19.
What
does
the
Denominator
denote?
Tell
us
the
kinds
of
notes
which
is
referred
to
in
each
pulsation
of
the
measure.
LESSON
V.
1.
What
does
the
second
department
in
music
treat
of?
Melodies.
2.
What
is
Melodies?
That
department
of
vocal
elementary
instructions
which
relates
to
the
pitch
of
tones.
MELODIES.
3.
What
is
pitch
as
applied
to
music?
The
acuteness
and
gravity
of
any
particular
sound.
Pitch
can
most
sci-
entifically
be
defined
as
a
rate
of
vibration.
Rapid
vibrations
means
a
high
tone;
slow
vibrations
a
deep
tone.
4.
What
is
a
Diatonic?
Naturally
preceding
in
the
order
of
the
degrees
of
a
natural
scale,
in-
cluding
tones
and
semi-tones.
5.
What
is
a
Diatonic
scale?
The
different
graduations
of
tones
or
gamut
arranged
in
a
preparee
order
in
conformity
to
some
particular
key.
6.
What
is
a
Diatonic
Major
scale?
That
in
which
the
same
tones
occur
between
the
second
and
third
sev-
enth
and
eighth,
ascending,
and
between
eighth
and
seventh
and
fourth
and
third,
descending.
7.
What
is
a
Minor
Diatonic
scale?
(See
example
of
Minor
Mode
for
the
Diatonic
scale.)
That
in
which
the
same
tones
occur
between
the
second
and
third
seventh
and
eighth,
as-
cending
between
fifth
and
sixth,
and
second
and
third
descending.
8.
What
is
a
scale?
The
succession
of
tones
upon
which
any
music
is
built.
9.
What
is
a
Chromaticscale?
(See
"Chromatic
scale."
A
scale
in
which
all
the
tones,
intermediate
and
diatonic,
occur
in
successive
order.
10.
Why
is
this
scale
called
Chromatic?
Because
of
the
fact
that
the
intermediate
tones
were
formerly
written
in
colors.
11.
What
are
Accidentals?
Sharps,
Flats
or
cancel
used
throughout
a
composition
for
the
purpose
of
introducing
intermediate
tones
or
a
modulation.
12.
What
is
the
rule
for
their
continuance?
Accidentals
continue
their
significance
throughout
the
measure
which
they
occur.
13.
What
is
1
and
8
in
any
key
called?
The
key
tone
or
tonic.
14.
What
is
the
difference
between
a
scale
and
a
key?
A
scale
implies
a
certain
order
of
succession;
while
the
family
of
tones
of
which
it
is
formed,
called
the
key,
may
be
used
in
any
possible
order.
15.
What
other
difference
is
there?
A
scale
must
have
eight
tones,
while
the
key
has
seven.
16.
What
is
the
order
of
intervals
in
the
major
key?
Major
seconds
must
occur
between
1
and
2
and
2,
3,
4
and
5,
5
and
6,
6
and
7.
Minor
seconds
must
occur
between
3
and
4,
and
7
and
8.
Note-Further
explanation
of
seconds
explained
elsewhere.
17.
What
is
a
Signature?
Sharps
or
flats
placed
at
the
beginning
of
the
composition
are
called
signatures,
which
indicate
the
key
of
the
scale.
18.
How
many
major
keys
are
there
in
general
use?
There
are
thirteen.
19.
Name
them.
C,
G,
D,
A,
E,
B,
F
sharp,
F,
Bb,
Eb,
Ab,
Db
and
Gb.
20.
What
is
a
Minor
scale?
A
scale
in
which
the
intervals
from
2
to
3,
and
from
5
to
6,
are
minor.
21.
What
is
the
order
of
intervals
in
the
minor
scale?
Minor
seconds
must
occur
between
2
and
3,
5
and
6,
7
and
8.
Major
seconds
must
occur
between
1
and
2,
3
and
4,
4
and
5,
while
from
6
to
7
must
be
an
augmented
second.