Front 16
    RUDIMENTS
  
  
    OF
  
  
    MUSIC.
  
  
    Continued.
  
    16.
  
  
    When
  
  
    only
  
  
    a
  
  
    part
  
  
    of
  
  
    the
  
  
    previous
  
  
    passage
  
  
    is
  
  
    to
  
  
    be
  
  
    repeated,
  
  
    how
  
  
    is
  
  
    it
  
    to
  
  
    be
  
  
    indicated?
  
    By
  
  
    dots
  
  
    placed
  
  
    in
  
  
    the
  
  
    spaces
  
  
    at
  
  
    the
  
  
    right
  
  
    hand
  
  
    of
  
  
    a
  
  
    bar,
  
  
    in
  
  
    which
  
  
    case,
  
    all
  
  
    between
  
  
    the
  
  
    two
  
  
    sets
  
  
    or
  
  
    dots
  
  
    is
  
  
    to
  
  
    be
  
  
    repeated.
  
    18.
  
  
    What
  
  
    does
  
  
    the
  
  
    Bis
  
  
    imply?
  
    That
  
  
    the
  
  
    passage
  
  
    so
  
  
    marked
  
  
    is
  
  
    to
  
  
    be
  
  
    performed
  
  
    twice.
  
    18.
  
  
    What
  
  
    does
  
  
    the
  
  
    hold
  
  
    or
  
  
    pause
  
  
    denote?
  
    That
  
  
    the
  
  
    tone
  
  
    indicated
  
  
    is
  
  
    to
  
  
    be
  
  
    prolonged
  
  
    a
  
  
    reasonable
  
  
    time
  
  
    longer
  
  
    than
  
    other
  
  
    notes.
  
    19.
  
  
    What
  
  
    is
  
  
    a
  
  
    Unison
  
  
    Passage?
  
    A
  
  
    passage
  
  
    in
  
  
    which
  
  
    two
  
  
    or
  
  
    more
  
  
    parts
  
  
    sing
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    same
  
  
    tones.
  
    Unison
  
  
    Passage.
  
  
    Fine.
  
  
    Bis
  
  
    D.
  
    20.
  
  
    What
  
  
    is
  
  
    understood
  
  
    by
  
  
    the
  
  
    letters
  
  
    D.
  
  
    C.
  
    Da
  
  
    Capo.
  
  
    Close
  
  
    with
  
  
    the
  
  
    first
  
  
    strain.
  
    21.
  
  
    What
  
  
    is
  
  
    the
  
  
    meaning
  
  
    of
  
  
    D.
  
  
    S.?
  
    Dal
  
  
    Segno.
  
  
    Return
  
  
    to
  
  
    sign.
  
    22.
  
  
    What
  
  
    is
  
  
    a
  
  
    triplet?
  
    Three
  
  
    equal
  
  
    tones
  
  
    performed
  
  
    in
  
  
    the
  
  
    time
  
  
    of
  
  
    two.
  
    23.
  
  
    How
  
  
    do
  
  
    we
  
  
    know
  
  
    them?
  
    There
  
  
    are
  
  
    three
  
  
    notes,
  
  
    slurred
  
  
    or
  
  
    tied,
  
  
    or
  
  
    marked
  
  
    with
  
  
    a
  
  
    figure
  
  
    3.
  
    24.
  
  
    What
  
  
    do
  
  
    we
  
  
    understand
  
  
    by
  
  
    a
  
  
    Syncopation?
  
    It
  
  
    is
  
  
    the
  
  
    commencing
  
  
    of
  
  
    a
  
  
    tone
  
  
    on
  
  
    an
  
  
    unaccented
  
  
    beat
  
  
    of
  
  
    a
  
  
    measure,
  
  
    and
  
    continuing
  
  
    it
  
  
    into
  
  
    the
  
  
    following
  
  
    accented
  
  
    pulse,
  
  
    temporarily
  
  
    displacing
  
  
    the
  
    natural
  
  
    accent.
  
    SYNCOPATION.
  
    25.
  
  
    What
  
  
    about
  
  
    intermediate
  
  
    tones?
  
    They
  
  
    occur
  
  
    between
  
  
    the
  
  
    regular
  
  
    tones
  
  
    of
  
  
    a
  
  
    key.
  
    26.
  
  
    In
  
  
    the
  
  
    major
  
  
    key
  
  
    when
  
  
    do
  
  
    we
  
  
    find
  
  
    intermediate
  
  
    tones?
  
    Between
  
  
    1
  
  
    and
  
  
    2,
  
  
    2
  
  
    and
  
  
    3,
  
  
    4
  
  
    and
  
  
    5,
  
  
    6
  
  
    and
  
  
    7.
  
    LESSON
  
  
    IV-MODES
  
  
    OR
  
  
    MOODS
  
  
    OF
  
  
    TIME
  
  
    AND
  
  
    BEATING
  
  
    TIME.
  
    1.
  
  
    What
  
  
    are
  
  
    modes
  
  
    or
  
  
    moods
  
  
    of
  
  
    time?
  
    It
  
  
    is
  
  
    a
  
  
    division
  
  
    of
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure
  
  
    into
  
  
    the
  
  
    proper
  
  
    time,
  
  
    counts,
  
  
    pulsations
  
  
    and
  
    beats.
  
    2.
  
  
    Does
  
  
    the
  
  
    time
  
  
    of
  
  
    a
  
  
    tune
  
  
    ever
  
  
    change
  
  
    from
  
  
    that
  
  
    set
  
  
    at
  
  
    the
  
  
    beginning?
  
    If
  
  
    so,
  
  
    how
  
  
    is
  
  
    this
  
  
    done?
  
    Yes,
  
  
    it
  
  
    often
  
  
    changes
  
  
    in
  
  
    some
  
  
    composition
  
  
    or
  
  
    tune.
  
  
    Whenever
  
  
    the
  
  
    change
  
    occurred
  
  
    there
  
  
    is
  
  
    placed
  
  
    on
  
  
    the
  
  
    staff
  
  
    whatever
  
  
    mode
  
  
    it
  
  
    is,
  
  
    the
  
  
    figures
  
  
    represent-
  
    ing
  
  
    that
  
  
    particular
  
  
    mode
  
  
    of
  
  
    time.
  
    DIFFERENT
  
  
    MODES
  
  
    OF
  
  
    TIME.
  
    3.
  
  
    How
  
  
    many
  
  
    modes
  
  
    of
  
  
    time
  
  
    is
  
  
    there
  
  
    generally
  
  
    used
  
  
    in
  
  
    music?
  
    There
  
  
    are
  
  
    several
  
  
    modes,
  
  
    among
  
  
    them
  
  
    are
  
  
    the
  
  
    following:
  
  
    Common,
  
  
    triple
  
    and
  
  
    compound,
  
  
    etc.
  
    4.
  
  
    How
  
  
    many
  
  
    modes
  
  
    of
  
  
    common
  
  
    time
  
  
    are
  
  
    there?
  
    Generally
  
  
    three.
  
    5.
  
  
    What
  
  
    are
  
  
    they
  
  
    called
  
  
    and
  
  
    how
  
  
    do
  
  
    we
  
  
    know
  
  
    them?
  
    We
  
  
    know
  
  
    them
  
  
    by
  
  
    the
  
  
    fractional
  
  
    figures
  
  
    placed
  
  
    at
  
  
    the
  
  
    beginning
  
  
    of
  
  
    a
  
  
    tune,
  
    as
  
  
    in
  
  
    any
  
  
    change
  
  
    of
  
  
    time
  
  
    of
  
  
    the
  
  
    music.
  
    6.
  
  
    How
  
  
    do
  
  
    we
  
  
    know
  
  
    1st
  
  
    mode
  
  
    of
  
  
    common
  
  
    time?
  
    Two
  
  
    over
  
  
    two,
  
    has
  
  
    two
  
  
    beats
  
  
    to
  
    the
  
  
    measure.
  
    first
  
  
    down,
  
  
    second
  
  
    up.
  
    Having
  
  
    a
  
  
    semibreve,
  
  
    or
  
    its
  
  
    equivalent,
  
  
    thus:
  
    for
  
  
    a
  
  
    measure
  
  
    note.
  
  
    It
  
  
    is
  
  
    rendered
  
  
    in
  
  
    three
  
  
    seconds
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure.
  
  
    In
  
  
    some
  
    books
  
  
    it
  
  
    is
  
  
    called
  
  
    double-time
  
  
    or
  
  
    two-two
  
  
    time,
  
  
    accented
  
  
    on
  
  
    first
  
  
    part
  
  
    of
  
  
    the
  
    measure,
  
  
    on
  
  
    the
  
  
    down
  
  
    beat.
  
    7.
  
  
    How
  
  
    is
  
  
    the
  
  
    second
  
  
    mode
  
  
    known?
  
    By
  
  
    four
  
  
    over
  
  
    four.
  
  
    Having
  
  
    the
  
  
    same
  
  
    measure
  
  
    note
  
  
    as
  
  
    the
  
  
    first
  
  
    mode,
  
    performed
  
  
    in
  
  
    two
  
  
    and
  
  
    one-half
  
  
    seconds
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure.
  
  
    When
  
  
    the
  
  
    four-note
  
    method
  
  
    is
  
  
    used,
  
  
    and
  
  
    has
  
  
    four
  
  
    beats
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure,
  
  
    when
  
  
    seven
  
  
    shape
  
  
    or
  
  
    round
  
    notes
  
  
    are
  
  
    used.
  
  
    If
  
  
    two
  
  
    beats
  
  
    they
  
  
    will
  
  
    be
  
  
    down
  
  
    and
  
  
    up;
  
  
    if
  
  
    four
  
  
    beats,
  
  
    down,
  
    left,
  
  
    right,
  
  
    up.
  
  
    In
  
  
    some
  
  
    books
  
  
    it
  
  
    is
  
  
    called
  
  
    quadruple
  
  
    or
  
  
    four-four
  
  
    time,
  
  
    ac-
  
    cented
  
  
    on
  
  
    the
  
  
    first
  
  
    and
  
  
    third
  
  
    parts
  
  
    of
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure.
  
  
    (See
  
  
    example
  
  
    below.)
  
    8.
  
  
    How
  
  
    do
  
  
    we
  
  
    know
  
  
    the
  
  
    third
  
  
    mode
  
  
    of
  
  
    common
  
  
    time?
  
    By
  
  
    the
  
  
    figures
  
  
    Two
  
  
    over
  
  
    Four,
  
  
    sung
  
  
    in
  
  
    one
  
  
    and
  
  
    one-half
  
  
    seconds
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
    measure,
  
  
    having
  
  
    two
  
  
    beats
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure,
  
  
    down
  
  
    and
  
  
    up.
  
  
    It
  
  
    is
  
  
    called
  
  
    in
  
  
    some
  
    of
  
  
    the
  
  
    books
  
  
    double-time.
  
  
    Accented
  
  
    on
  
  
    the
  
  
    first
  
  
    part
  
  
    of
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure,
  
  
    having
  
    a
  
  
    minim
  
  
    for
  
  
    measure
  
  
    notes.
  
  
    In
  
  
    this
  
  
    book
  
  
    all
  
  
    modes
  
  
    of
  
  
    time
  
  
    have
  
  
    only
  
  
    two
  
  
    beats
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure
  
  
    except
  
  
    triple
  
  
    time;
  
  
    it
  
  
    has
  
  
    three
  
  
    beats.
  
    TRIPLE
  
  
    TIME.
  
    9.
  
  
    Explain
  
  
    about
  
  
    the
  
  
    first
  
  
    and
  
  
    second
  
  
    moods
  
  
    of
  
  
    triple
  
  
    time.
  
    The
  
  
    first
  
  
    mood
  
  
    of
  
  
    triple
  
  
    time
  
  
    is
  
  
    known
  
  
    by
  
  
    three
  
  
    over
  
  
    two.
  
  
    Rendered
  
    in
  
  
    three
  
  
    seconds
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure
  
  
    and
  
  
    having
  
  
    a
  
  
    dotted,
  
  
    semibreve
  
  
    or
  
  
    three
  
    minims
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure.
  
  
    Three
  
  
    beats
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure,
  
  
    down,
  
  
    left,
  
  
    up.
  
  
    Some-
  
    times
  
  
    this
  
  
    is
  
  
    called
  
  
    three-two
  
  
    time,
  
  
    accented
  
  
    on
  
  
    the
  
  
    first
  
  
    part
  
  
    of
  
  
    each
  
  
    meas-
  
    ure.
  
  
    (Example
  
  
    below.)
  
    10.
  
  
    How
  
  
    do
  
  
    we
  
  
    know
  
  
    the
  
  
    second
  
  
    mode
  
  
    of
  
  
    triple
  
  
    time?
  
    The
  
  
    second
  
  
    mode
  
  
    of
  
  
    triple
  
  
    time
  
  
    is
  
  
    known
  
  
    by
  
  
    three
  
  
    over
  
  
    four,
  
  
    two
  
  
    sec-
  
    onds
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure,
  
  
    three
  
  
    beats,
  
  
    down,
  
  
    left,
  
  
    up.
  
  
    Accented
  
  
    on
  
  
    the
  
  
    first
  
  
    beat
  
    in
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure,
  
  
    having
  
  
    three
  
  
    Crotchets
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure.
  
  
    (Example
  
  
    below.)
  
    11.
  
  
    How
  
  
    about
  
  
    the
  
  
    third
  
  
    mode
  
  
    of
  
  
    triple
  
  
    time?
  
    It
  
  
    is
  
  
    known
  
  
    by
  
  
    three
  
  
    over
  
  
    eight
  
  
    rendered
  
  
    in
  
  
    1
  
  
    1-4
  
  
    seconds
  
  
    to
  
  
    the
  
  
    meas-
  
    ure.
  
  
    Accented
  
  
    on
  
  
    the
  
  
    1st
  
  
    part
  
  
    of
  
  
    the
  
  
    measure
  
  
    it
  
  
    has
  
  
    three
  
  
    beats,
  
  
    down,
  
  
    left,
  
  
    up.
  
    (Example
  
  
    below.)