Front 14
RUDIMENTS
OF
MUSIC.
Continued.
The
other
notes,
Faw,
Sol,
La
in
the
four-shape
notes
are
called
by
same
names
in
the
books.
Seven
shapes
and
in
the
round
notes
as
they
are
in
the
four-note.
Rest
means
pause,
silence.
They
are
represented
by
different
characters;
named,
whole
rest,
half
rest,
quarter
rest,
eighth
rest,
sixteenth
rest
and
thirty-
second
rest.
There
are
also
Dotted
rest
marks
the
same
as
Dotted
notes.
When
you
add
a
Dot
just
after
either
of
the
Rests
it
adds
one-half
to
its
length.
Names
and
positions
of
each
of
the
Rests
on
the
staff
are
as
follows:
Semibreve.
Minum.
Crochet.
Quaver.
Semiquaver.
Demisemiquaver.
The
Semibreve,
whole
rest;
Minim,
half
rest,
Crochet,
one-fourth
rest,
Quaver,
eighth,
Semiquaver,
sixteenth
and
Demisemiquaver,
thirty-second
rest.
It
is
understood
that
there
are
Three
system
notations,
but
they
are
all
written
on
the
same
general
system
and
principle.
Four
notes,
seven
shapes
and
round
notes,
the
four
note
system.
The
head
of
the
notes
are
shaped
as
follows:
Mi
Faw
Sol
La
Mi
is
the
leading
note
and
governs
the
other
three.
When
you
find
Mi,
if
the
notes
are
going
up
the
scale
they
proceed
in
their
regular
order,
thus:
Mi,
Fa,
Sol,
La,
Fa,
Sol,
La,
Mi.
Going
down,
Mi,
La,
Sol,
Fa.
When
seven
shaped
headed
notes
are
used
they
are
as
follows:
Going
up
the
scale
they
are
Do,
Ra
Mi
Fa,
Sol
La
Si
and
Do,
again.
Going
down,
the
order
isreversed.
These
notes
have
for
years
been
called
patent
notes.
It
was
believed
that
Jesse
B.
Aikin
obtained
a
patent
on
them,
but
after
full
investigation
it
has
been
ascertained
that
no
patent
was
ever
obtained
under
the
patent
laws
of
the
United
States
at
Washington,
D.
C.
The
round
note
system
is
exactly
like
the
seven
shape
note
system
except
all
of
its
note
heads
are
written
round.
Tunes
written
in
four
and
seven
shape
note
system,
you
can
tell the
name
of
the
notes
by
the
position
they
occupy
on
the
staff.
And
also
by
the
shape
of
the
head
of
the
notes.
When
round
notes
are
used
you
can
only
know
the
names
of
the
notes
on
account
of
the
position
they
occupy
on
the
staff.
LESION
I.
LAW
OF
SOUND.
1.
What
is
sound?
A
sound
is
anything
and
everything
audible.
It
is
noise,
report,
the
object
of
hearing,
a
vibration
of
the
air,
caused
by
a
collision
of
bodies
or
other
means,
sufficient
to
effect
the
auditory
nerves.
Sound
is
the
noise
produced
by
all
vibrating
bodies.
2.
What
is
a
musical
sound
and
what
is
it
called?
It
is
called
in
music
a
tone.
3.
How
is
a
musical
sound
or
tone
produced?
It
is
produced
by
the
vibrations
of
sonorious
substances,
such
as
an
organ
pipe,
strings,
wire,
reeds,
etc.,
and
the
human
voice.
4.
What
is
the
human
voice
when
applied
to
music?
The
voice
when
ap-
plied
to
music
constitutes
the
tones
or
sounds
produced
by
the
vocal
organs
5.
What
is
the
difference
between
musical
sounds,
or
tones,
and
mere
noise?
All
sounds
are
the
result
of
atmospheric
vibrations
affecting
the
ear.
Musical
sunds
or
tones
are
produced
by
regular
vibrations,
and
differ
from
mere
noise,
whose
vibrations
are
irregular
and
confused.
6.
How
does
the
pitch
of
a
musical
tone
rise?
The
pitch
of
a
musical
tone
rises
in
proportion
to
the
rapidity
of
the
vibrations
that
produced
it.
7.
How
do
we
perceive
tones?
Tones
are
perceived
by
the
human
ear
ranging
from
about
sixteen
vibrations
in
a
second
to
nearly
forty
thousand,
more
than
eleven
octaves.
8.
How
many
octaves
are
used
in
music?
The
best
authorities
tell
us
there
are
only
about
seven
octaves.
9.
In
order
to
understand
music,
it
is
necessary
to
study the
science
of
accoustics?
The
science
of
accoustics
is
of
profound
value
to
any
one
who
would
gain
an
insight
into
the
structure,
art
and
science
of
music.
Note-Teachers
should
see
to
it
that
their
pupils
understand
the
law
of
accoustics.
It
has
been
greatly
neglected
in
giving
instructions
in
music
lessons.
Vibration
is
the
tremulous
motion
of
the
air
by
which
sound
is
pro-
duced;
the
sound
being
grave
or
acute
as
the
vibrations
are
fewer
or
more
numerous
in
a
given
time.
10.
What
does
accoustic
mean?
Accoustic
means
the
science
of
sounds;
the
science
treating
of
the
laws
of
sound.
For
further
definition
see
Groves'
or
Elsons
'Music
Dictionaries.
11.
What
is
the
difference
between
a
musical
tone
or
sound
or
an
ordinary
sound?
A
musical
tone
or
sound
differs
from
an
ordinary
sound
in
this.
A
musical
sound
or
tone
is
regular,
smooth
and
even.
Noise
is
irregular,
rough
and
uneven;
the
first
gives
joy,
pleasure
and
satisfaction
to
the
hearing,
while
the
other
has
the
reverse
effect
on
the
hearing
and
is
grating
to
the sense
of