Front 13
RUDIMENTS
OF
MUSIC.
Continued.
Beating
Time-Beating
time
is
done
with
the
hand,
and
according
to
each
mode
of
time
the
beats
are
carried
on.
In
some
of
the
modes
there
are
three
beats,
down,
left
and
up.
In
some
music
books
there
are
four
and
six
beats
to
the
measure.
When
we
have
four
beats
it
is
down,
left,
right
and
up.
If
six
beats,
down,
down,
left
right,
up
and
up.
In
all
of
these
different
classifications
it
is
called
beating
time.
Beating
time
is
indicating
each
pulsation
of
a
measure
by
certain
motions
of
the
hand
and
is
applied
indiscriminately
to
all
kinds
of
vocal
music.
1.
When
the
music
is
set
to
2-2,
2-4
and
4-4,
it
is
called
in
some
of
the
books
"Common
Time."
In
others,
"Quadruple
Time."
When
the
music
is
written
in
four
shaped
notes,
generally
there
are
"two
beats"
to
the
meas-
ure.
"Down
and
Up."
Triple
time
three
beats.
When
seven-shaped
notes
or
round
notes
are
used,
generally
"four
beats"
to
the
measure.
"Down,
left,
right,
up,"
except
in
2-4,
only
"Two
beats"
in
all
of
the
books,
"down
and
up."
2.
"Triple
time,"
3-2,
3-4
and
3-8
in
all
of
the
books
regardless
of
the
shape
of
the
notes,
have
"Three
beats"
to
the
measure,
"Down,
left,
up."
3.
Compound
or
Sextuple
measure,
6-4,
6-8,
etc.
When
written
in
"Four-
shaped
headed
notes,"
usually
"two
beats
to
the
measure,"
and
when
in
"seven
shaped
headed
or
round
notes,"
generally
"two
beats,"
but
some
of
these
have
as
many
as
"Six
Beats"
to
the
measure,
but
all
can,
be
sung
to
"Two
beats"
to
the
measure.
When
"Two
beats,"
down
and
up;
when
"Six
beats,"
down,
down,
left,
right,
up,
up,
or
down,
left,
left,
right,
right
up.
The
different
manner
of
beating
time
is
generally
left
to
the
leader
or
director
of
music.
There
is
in
music
Major
key
and
Minor
key.
The
key
note
in
the
Major
scale
is
called
a
faw,
and
in
the
Minor
it
is
called
la.
A
key
note
is
the
Tonic
number
one
of
any
key.
First
note
of
the
Scale.
Leading
Note
is
the
Major
seventh
of
any
scale;
the
Semi-tone
below
the
key
note;
the
third
of
the
dominant
sub-tonic.
From
the
Leading
note
the
Major
and
Minor
key
lead
out.
There
is
a
difference
in
a
leading
note
and
key
note.
The
leading
note
is
stated
above
The
key
note
means
a
scale
or
series
of
notes
progressing
diatonically
in
a
certain
order
of
intervals.
The
first
note
of
the
scale
being
called
key
note.
Where
four
notes
are
used,
Me
is
the
leading
note.
When
seven
notes
are
used,
Se
or
Te
is
the
leading
note.
In
the
four
note
system
when
you
find Mi,
if
in
the
Major
key,
it
will
be
Faw,
one
degree
above
Mi.
If
Mi
is
on
the
line,
Faw,
the
key
note,
will
be
on
the
space
above.
If
Mi
is
on
the
space,
then
Faw,
the
key
not
will
be
on
the
line
above.
If
Mi
is
on
the
space,
then
Faw,
the
key
note,
will
be
on
the
first
line
above
it.
If
it
be
in
the
Minor
key,
La
will
be
the key
note.
It
will
be
located
on
the
line
or
space
below
the
Mi.
It
is
three
degrees
below
the
Major
key.
Where
seven
notes
are
used,
Si
or
Te
find
Si,
if
in
the
Major
key,
the
key
note,
Do,
will
be
the
next
line
or
space
above
Si,
one
degree
above.
If
it
be
in
the
Minor
key,
the
key
note
La
in
the
next
line
or
space
below
Si,
one
degree
below
Si,
and
this
same
rule
is
followed
up
as
to
each
part
of
the
tune,
either
tenor,
treble,
bass
or
alto.
Wherever
the
Mi
is
found
on
the
staff
in
the
four
note
system
as
used
it
is
Si
in
the
seven
note
system,
whether
it
be
in
seven-shape
or
round
notes.
The
lowest
Fa
in
the
four-note
system
is
Do.
In
the
seven
or
round
notes,
as
well
as
each
octave
above
and
below
Scale,
give
the
same
note.
The
lowest
Sol
in
the
four-note
system
is
Ra.
In
the
seven
or
round
note
notes,
as
well
as
each
octave
above
and
below
will
give
the
same
note.
Scale
Exercises-The
SKIPS
most
readily
taken
occur
between
one,
three,
five
and
eight,
and
these
are
found
illustrated
in
the
including
exercises.
They
may
also
be
conveniently
practiced
from
numerals
written
in
tabular
form,
applying
the
proper
tone
and
syllable
to
each
numeral
and
singing
down
each
column
in
succession.
It
is
highly
important
that
these
skips
be
thoroughly
learned,
and
to
insure
this
let
the
table
be
sung
through
for
several
successive
lessons.