Page 6
RUDIMENTS
OF
MUSIC.
Continued.
9.
What
does
the
mouth
do
and
how
is
it
used
in
singing?
The
mouth,
by
means
of
the
lips,
teeth,
tongue
and
palate
becomes
the
organ
of
pronounciation.
10.
What
is
the
diaphram?
Where
is
it
situated?
The
diaphragm
is
the
muscle
situated
just
below
the
lungs-the
dividing
wall
between
the
chest
and
the
lower
abdomen.
It
is
the
power
by
which
one
is
enabled
to
control
the
breath.
This
muscle
gradually
forces
out
the
air
inclosed
in
the
lungs
and
a
skillful
singer
ought
to
know
how
to
direct
it.
It
constitutes
the
most
important
operation
in
the
art
of
singing.
11.
What
about
the
body
when
engaged
in
singing?
The
body
should
be
when
singing-sit
or
stand
erect,
with
both
feet
upon
the
floor;
hold
the
head
up
without
turning
it
to
either
side;
slightly
project
the
chest
and
avoid
all
unnatural
motions.
It
is
better
to
keep
the
body
free
from
contact
with
the
back
of
the
seat
when
sitting.
12.
What
about
correct
breathing?
Breathing
involves
inhalation
by
which
the
lungs
are
inflated
and
exhala-
tion
by
which
the
air
is
emitted
from
them.
Tones
are
produced
during
ex-
halation.
Inhalation
should
be
noiseless
with
lips
partly
closed
so
t
he
breath
will
not
interfere
with
the
sides
of
the
throat,
which
is
hurtful.
Keep
the
shoulders
in
their
natural
position.
Do
not
seek
to
hold
the
breath
by
closing
the
throat.
The
throat
should
be
kept
open
constantly.
13.
How
and
when
should
we
breathe?
Inhalation
should
take
place
often
enough
to
prevent
exhaustion
of
the
breath
and
where
it
may
not
interrupt
the
words
or
music.
14.
What
is
the
rule
of
breathing
while
singing
words?
As
a
rule
in
singing
by
words
it
may
take
place
at
the
marks
of
punc-
tuation
or
after
one
of
the
more
emphatic
words
between
them.
15.
On
what
does
the
correct
delivery
of
the
voice
depend?
A
good
delivery
of
the
voice
in
singing
not
only
depends
on
a
correct
position
of
the
body
and
a
complete
control
of
the
breath,
but
also
upon
a
favorable
adjustment
of
the
throat
and
mouth
and
a
firm
action
of
the
glottis.
16.
How
about
the
throat
and
mouth
in
reference
to
the
pitch
of
tone?
For
every
pitch
there
is
a
certain
position
of
the
throat
and
mouth
which
is
most
conducive
to
the
formation
of
a
pure
tone.
17.
What
about
contraction
of
the
mouth
or
throat?
Avoid
any
unnatural
contraction
or
distension
of
the
mouth
or
throat;
open
the
mouth
freely
enough
to
admit
of
no
obstruction
to
the
tone
by
the
lips
or
teeth.
Be
careful
not
to
direct
the
sound
into
the
nose
cavities.
18.
While
singing
what
about
the
pronunciation
of
words?
Every
word
and
syllable
of
a
word
should
be
pronounced
correctly
and
spoken
distinctly
so
that
they
may
be
easily
heard
by
those
listening.
Pro-
nunciation
of
words
should
not
always
be
made
according
to
Webster,
but
according
to
the
vocal
division
of
the
words
as
follows:
Webster-Mus-ic-Re-cord-Stor-y.
Vocal
Division-Mu-sic-Rec-ord-Sto-ry.
INTERVALS.
What
is
an
interval?
An
interval
is
the
difference
of
pitch
between
two
tones.
From
1
to
2,
3
to
4,
5
to
6,
6
to
7,
7
to
8,
or
between
8
to
1,
or
any
other
distance
between
two
tones.
What
is
prime?
A
prime
is
the
name
given
to
two
tones
which
involves
but
one
degree
as
in
representation
of
C
and
C.
What
is
a
second?
An
interval
which
involves
two
degrees
as
represented
on
the
scale
from
C
to
D.
How
many
kinds
of
seconds
are
there,
and
what
are
they
called?
Three-Major
second,
Minor
second
and
Augmented
second.
What
is
a
Minor
second?
A
second
as
small
as
a
half-step.
What
is
a
major
second?
A
second
as
great
as
a
step.
What
is
an
Augmented
second?
A
second
as
great
as
a
step
and
a
half-step.