Page 4
RUDIMENTS
OF
MUSIC.
Continued.
From
F,
Signature,
to
B
Flat,
B
Flat,
and
E
Flat,
Signature.
From
B
Signature,
B,
and
E,
to
E,
Signature,
B,
E,
and A.
From
E,
Signature,
B,
E,
and
A,
to
A,
Signature,
B,
E,
A
and
D.
DYNAMICS.
1.
What
is
Dynamics?
It
has
reference
to
expression
and
the
different
degrees
of
power
to
be
applied
to
notes
or
syllables.
2.
How
may
musical
tones
be
sung
or
played?
They
may
be
soft
or
loud.
3.
From
this
fact
what
arises?
From
the
nature
of
musical
tones
arises
the
necessity
of
the
third
de-
partment
in
the
elements
of
music,
called
Dynamics,
which
treats
of
the
force
of
the
strength
of
tones.
4.
What
is
the
tone
produced
by
the
ordinary
exertion
of
the
vocal
or-
gans
called?
It
is
the
medium
or
middle
tone,
and
it
is
called
by
the
Italian
word
Mezzo,
and
is
marked
by
the
initial
M.
5.
What
is
the
tone
produced
by
some
restraint
of
the
vocal
organs
called?
It
is
a
soft
tone
and
is
called
Piano,
and
is
marked
P.
6.
What
is
the
tone
produced
by
a
strong,
full
vocal
exertion
called?
It
is
loud
tone
and
is
called
Forte,
and
is
marked
F.
7.
What
is
a
tone
produced
by
a
small
exertion
of
the
vocal
organs
called?
It
is
a
tone
softer
than
Piano
and
is
called
Piannissimo,
and
is
marked
P.
P.
8.
What
is
a
tone
produced
by
a
stronger
effort
of
the
vocal
organs
than
is
required
for
Forte
called?
It
is
called
Fortissimo.
9.
What
is
a
tone
which
is
commenced,
continued
and
ended
with
an
equal
degree
of
power
called?
It
is
called
an
Organ
Tone.
10.
What
is
a
tone
commencing
soft
and
increasing
loud
called?
It
is
called
Crescendo.
It
is
marked
Cres.
or
called
what?
11.
A
tone
commencing
loud
and
gradually
diminishing
to
soft,
is
what?
It
is
called
Diminuendo,
and
is
marked
thus:
12.
A
tone
consisting
of
the
union
of
Crescendo
and
Diminundo
is
called
what?
It
is
called
a
Swell
and
is
marked
by
a
union
of
Dim.
and
Cres.,
thus:
Note-The
three
preceding
characters
are
frequently
applied
to
passages
of
music
as
well
as
to
particular
notes.
13.
What
is
an
accent?
A
particular
stress
of
voice
laid
on
a
part
of
the
measure.
14.
Describe
the
difference
in
emphasis
and
accent.
Emphasis
has
reference
to
the
words
which
are
sung
to
a
piece
of
music.
It
consists
in
a
particular
stress
of
the
voice
upon
emphatic
words
without
regard
to
the
rhymitical
accent.
SOL
MIZATION.
Solmization
is
the
application
of
certain
syllables
or
notes
to
musical
sounds.
The
end
proposed
by
it
is
that
the
same
name,
invariably
applied
to
the
same
interval,
may
naturally
suggest
its
true
relation
and
proper
sound.
The
Italians
use
for
this
purpose
the
character
or
syllables
Do,
Re,
Mi,
Fa,
Sol,
La,
Si
(the
proper
pronounciation
being
Doe,
Rae,
Mee,
Faw,
Sole,
Law,
See),
and
they
are
applied
in
this
order
to
the
ascending
scale,
Si
being
the
leading
note.
In
this
country
and
in
England
four
of
these
notes
or
syllables
only
have
been
commonly
used,
namely,
Fa,
Sol,
La,
Mi,
the
first
three
being
repeated
and
Mi
being
the
leading
note.
However,
the
Italian
method
has
been
preferred
by
many
composers
and
instructors.
Since
the
shaping
the
heads
of
notes
in
this
and
the
last
century
there
has
been
a
great
deal
of
music
written
in
the
four-shape
and
seven-shape
notes.
This
method
is
getting
to
be
quite
popular,
especially
in
the
Southern
and
West-
ern
states,
and
a
great
deal
of
it
in
the
Northern
states,
and
the
use
of
the
shape
headed
notes
or
syllables
is
largely
on
the
increase
all
over
the
country,
and
is
much
easier
learned
than
where
all
music
is
written
in
round
notes.