Page 3
RUDIMENTS.
Continued.
In
our
system
of
musical
notation,
the
pitch
C
is
assumed
as
a
starting
point,
and
all
keyed
instruments,
as
pianos
and
organs
are
constructed
so
as
to
play
half
steps
between
E
and
F,
and
B
and
C,
and
whole
steps
between
all
the
other
letters.
Therefore,
when
the
scale
is
based
on
C,
the
Clefs
used
to
indicate
the
position
and
order
of
the
letters,
are
sufficient
also
to
form
its
signature,
and
the
white
keys
play
the
order
of
intervals
required
to
constitute
the
Major
Diatonic
Scale,
as
repre-
sented
on
page
7.
For
this
reason
the
key
of
C
is
frequently
spoken
of
as
the
nat-
ural
key.
C
Scale.
All
other
keys
require
the
employment
of
either
sharps
or
flats
in
the
signature,
as
will
soon
appear.
When
any
other
pitch
than
C
is
taken
as
One
of
the
scale,
it
s
said
to
be
TRANS
POSED.
There
are
two
systematic
ways
of
transposing
the
scale.
One
is
by
fifths
and
the
other
by
fourths.
To
transpose
the
scale
by
fifths
is
to
move
it
up
FIVF
Degrees
Higher
or
FOUR
Degree
Lower,
and
to
transpose
by
fourths
is
to
move
it
up
FOUR
Degrees
Higher;
or
DOWN
FIVE
Degrees
Lower.
Five
degrees
above
is
the
same
as
four
degrees
below,
both
leading
to
the
same
point
in
the
Scale,
thus:
Four
degrees
above
is
the
same
thing
as
five
degrees
below,
both
leading
to
the
same
point
in
the
Scale,
thus
:
In
commencing
a
series
of
transpositions
of
the
Scale,
whether
by
fifths,
or
fourths,
the
fisrt
transposition
must
be
made
from
the
key
of
C,
and
thereafter
form
the
last
key
obtained.
In
transposing
by
fifths,
sharps
are
used
to
form
the
new
signature.
In
transposing
by
fourths,
flats
are
used
to
form
the
new
signature.
Signature
sharps
and
flats
affect
all
the
notes
of
corresponding
names,
higher
or
lower,
unless
contradicted
by
the
Natural.
The
first
tran
sposition
of
the
Scale,
by
fifths
is
from
C
to
G.
We
simply
take
G
as
One
of
the
Scale
in
higher
position,
thus:
Change
of
Key.
From
C,
Clef
Signature,
to
G,
F
Signature.
From
G,
F
Signature
to
D,
F
and
C
Signature.
From
D,
F
and
C
Signature,
to
A,
F
C
and
D
Signature.
From
A,
F
C
and
G,
to
E,
F
C
G
and
D
Signature.
From
A,
Signature
F
C
and
G,
to
E,
F
C
G
and
D
Signature.
In
transposing
the
Scale
by
fourths,
it
must
commence
frsm
C
also.
From
C,
Clef
Signature,
to
F,
Bb
Signatuae.