Page 12
RUDIMENTS
OF
MUSIC.
Continued.
Accompaniment-A
part
added
to
principal
one
by
way
of
enhancing
the
effect
of
the
composition.
Adagio
(It.)
(Ah-dah-jio)-A
very
slow
degree
of
movement.
Adagessimo
(It.)
(Ah-dah-jiss-see-moh)-Extremely
slow.
Accent-Stress,
emphasis
or
force
given
to
certain
notes
or
chords,
greater
than
upon
the
surrounding
notes
or
chords.
Ad-Lib-i-tum
(Latis.)
(Ad-lib-tum)-At
will.
Affettuoso
(It.)
(Af-fet-too-o-zo)-With
tender
and
passionate
expres-
sion.
Air-A
short
song.
Melody
or
tune,
with
or
without
words.
Agitato
(It.)
(Aj-ta-to)-Hurried,
restless.
Allegretto
(It.)
(Al-le-gret-to)-Rather
light.
Allegro
(Fr.
and
It.)
(Al-lay-gro)-Quick,
lively;
a
rapid
movement.
Al-Segno
(It.)
(Al-sen-yo)-Signifies
that
the
performer
must
return
to
the
sign.
Alto
(It.)
(Alto)-In
vocal
music
the
highest
male
voice,
sometimes
called
counter.
Appetone-Between
a
tone
and
a
semi-tone.
Andante
(It.)
(An-dan-te)-A
movement
in
moderate
time,
but
flowing
easily
and
gracefully.
Aria
(It.)
(A-re-a)-An
air,
a
song,
a
tune,
sung
by
a
single
voice,
either
with
or
with
accompaniment.
Arpeggio
(It.)
(Ar-ped-je-o)-Harping,
harp
music
succession,
immita-
tion
of
the
harp.
A
Tempo
(It.)
(A-tem-po)-In
the
regular
time.
Ballad-A
short
and
familiar
song.
Bass
(Base)-Lowest
part
in
a
musical
composition.
Bass
Voice-The
lowest
or
deepest
of
male
voices.
Beat-The
rise
and
fall
of
the
hand
or
baton
in
marking
the
division
of
time
in
music.
Beat
Down-The
falling
of
the
hand
in
beating
time.
Beating
Time-Marking
the
division
of
the
measure
by
means
of
the
hand,
foot
or
baton.
Beat
Up-The elevation
of
the
hand
or
baton
in
beating
time.
Breve
(Lat.)-An
ancient
note
equal
in
length
to
two
semi-breves.
Cadence
(Fr.)
(Ka-danhs)-A
shake
or
trill;
also
a
close
in
harmony.
1.
A
close
in
melody
or
harmony,
dividing
into
numbers
or
periods,
or
bringing
it
to
a
final
termination.
2.
An
ornamental
passage.
Catch-A
vocal
piece
in
several
parts
of
a
humorous
character.
Cantabile
(It.)
(Kan-ta-bi-le)-In
a
graceful
singing
style.
Capo
(It.)
(Ka-po)-The
head
or
beginning.
Cantante
(It.)-A
part
to
be
executed
by
voice
singing.
Chant-A
simple
melody
generally
harmonized
in
four
parts
to
which
lyrical
portions
of
Scriptures
are
set.
2.
To
recite
musically;
to
sing.
Chant
(Fr.)
(Shant)-The
voice
part;
a
song.
Chord-The
union
of
two
or
more
sounds
heard
at
the
same
time.
Chorus-A
company
of
singers;
a
composition
sung
by
a
number
of
voices.
Chromatic-Proceeding
by
semi-tones.
Any
music
or
chord
containing
notes
not
belonging
to
the
diatonic
scale.
Clefs-A
key.
A
character
to
determine
the
pitch
of
notes.
Coda
(It.)
(Ko-da)-
A
few
measures
added
to
the
end
of
a
piece
of
music
beyond
its
natural
termination.
Comma
(Kam-ma)-The
smallest
of
all
the
sensible
intervals
of
a
tone.
Composer
(Fr.)
(Kam-po-za)-
To
compose
music.
Counter-A
name
given
to
a
part
sung.
Crescendo
(It.)
(Kre-shen-do)-With
a
gradual
increasing
quantity
of
tone.
Concert-A
performance
in
public
of
practical
musician,
either
in
vocal,
instrumental
or
both.
Da-Capo
or
D.
C.
(It.)
(Da-Ka-po)-From
the
beginning;
an
expression
often
written
at
the
end
of
t
he
movement.
Dal
Sagno
(It.)
(Dal-san-yo)-From
the
sign,
a
word
directing
repeti-
tion
from
the
sign.
De
Crescendo
(It.)
(De-kre-shen-do-Diminishing
to
the
softest
possible
sound.
Diassonance-A
discord;
an
interval
or
chord
displeasing
to
the
ear.
Gran
(It.)
(Gran)-Great,
grand,
full,
complete,
pleasing.
Diatonic
(Ger.)
(Di-a-ton-ik)-Naturally;
proceeding
according
to
the
degrees
of
the
major
and
minor
scale,
including
tones
and
semi-tones
only.
Deminuendo
(It.)
(Di-mi-noo-en
do)-Implies
that
the
quantity
of
the
tone
must
be
gradually
diminished.
Duet-A
composition
for
two
voices
or
instruments.
Fine
(It.)
(Feen-ay)-The
end;
the
termination.
Foot-A
certain
number
of
syllables
constituting
a
distinct,
metrical
element
in
a
verse.
Fortissimo,
or
ff
(It.)
(For-tes-se-mo)-Very
loud.
Fugue
(Lat.)
(Fug)-A
flight.
The
parts
of
music
folow
each
other
in
succession.
Gamut
(It.)
(Gam-ma)-The
gamut
or
scale,
sometimes
called
Rudi-
ments
of
Music.
Grave
(It.)
(Gra-ve)-A
slow
and
solemn
movement;
also
a
deep
low
pitch
in
the
scale
of
sounds.
The
lowest
tempo
in
music.
Harmony-The
arrangement
of
two
or
more
united
sounds;
the
art
of
combining
sounds
into
chords.
Hexametre-In
ancient
poetry,
a
verse
of
six
feet,
the
first
four
of
which
may
be
either
dactyle
or
spondees.
Intonation-A
word
referring
to
the
proper
emission
of
the
voice
so
as
to
produce
any
required
note
in
exact
time.
Interval-The
difference
in
pitch
between
two
tones.
Key-A
scale,
or
series
of
notes
progressing
diatonically
in
a
certain
order
of
tones
and
semi-tones,
the
first
note
of
the
scale
being
called
the
key
note.
Key
Note-The
tonic
or
first
note
of
every
scale.
Largo
(It.)
(Lar-go)-A
slow
and
solemn
degree
of
movement.
Largato
(It.)-In
a
smooth
and
connected
manner.
Major
Chord-An
interval
having
more
semi-tones
than
the
minor
chord
of
the
same
degree.
Major
Diatonic
Scale-The
scale
in
which
semi-tones
fall
between
the
third
and
fourth
and
seventh
and
eighth
tones,
both
in
ascending
and
descending.