Page 1
RUDIMENTS
OF
MUSIC.
Continued.
10.
What
is
meant
by
Dominant?
The
fifth
of
the
scale,
next
in
ruling
power
to
tonic.
11.
What
is
meant
by
Sub-mediant?
Minor
tonic.
The
tone
lying
downward
midway
from
tonic
to
sub-domi-
nant.
Seven,
the
leading
note-sub-tonic-plays
an
important
part,
it
being
the
gateway
from
major
keys
to
minor
keys.
LESSON
X.
SHARPS
AND
FLATS
AS
SIGNATURES
AND
ACCIDENTALS.
1.
What
is
a
sharp?
A
sharp
is
a
sign
of
elevation.
It
is
called
a
Signature
Sharp
when
placed
at
the
beginning
of
a
piece
of
music,
or
when
placed
on
the
staff
in
the
change
of
the
key
in
the
composition
they
change
the
pitch
of
notes.
2.
When
is
a
sharp
a
sign
of
elevation
and
not
a
signature?
When
it
is
placed
before
a
note.
It
is
then
called
an
Accidental
Sharp,
and
raises
the
pitch
of
the
note
a
half-step.
A
double
sharp
raises
the
pitch
of
a
note
a
whole
step.
3.
What
is
a
flat?
It
is
a
sign
of
depression
and
when
used
at
the
beginning
it
is
called
a
Signature
Flat.
When
used
in
the
composition
it
is
called
an
Accidental
Flat.
4.
What
effect
has
a
flat
on
a
note?
It
lowers
the
pitch
of
it
a
half-step.
A
double
flat
bb
lowers
it
a
step.
5.
What
is
a
natural?
A
character
to
contradict
a
sharp
or
flat.
It
cancels
their
effect
and
is
called
by
some
the
cancel.
TABLE
OF
KEYS
OF
SHARPS
IN
THE
MAJOR
AND
MINOR.
The
Clefs
give
the
key
of
C
major
and
A
minor.
Natural
key.
1
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
G
Major.
Thus:
1
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
E
Minor.
2
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
D
Major.
2
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
B
Minor.
3
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
A
Major.
3
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
F
Sharp
Minor.
4
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
E
Major,
4
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
C
Sharp
Minor.
5
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
B
Major.
5
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
G
Sharp
Minor.
6
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
F Sharp
Major.
6
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
F.
Sharp.
7
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
C
Sharp
Major.
7
Sharp
Gives
the
key
of
A
Sharp
Minor.
FLATS
IN
THE
MAJOR
AND
MINOR.
1
b
gives
the
key
of
F
Major.
1
b
gives
the
key
of
D
Minor.
2
Flats
b
b
gives
the
key
of
B
b
Major.
2
Flats
b
b
gives
the
key
of
G
Minor.
3
Flats
b
b
b
gives
the
key
of
E
b
Major.
3
Flats
b
b
b
gives
the
key
of
C
Minor.
4
Flats
b
b
b
b
gives
the
key
of
A
b
Major.
4
Flats
b
b
b
b
gives
the
key
of
F
Minor.
5
Flats
b
b
b
b
b
gives
the
key
of
D
b
Major.
5
Flats
b
b
b
b
b
gives
the
key
of
B
b
Minor.
6
Flats
b
b
b
b
b
b
gives
the
key
of
G
b
Major.
b
Flats
b
b
b
b
b
b
gives
the
key
of
E
b
Minor.
7
Flats
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
gives
the
key
of
C
b
Major.
7
Flats
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
gives
the
key
of
A
b
Minor.
The
natural
place
for
Me
in
the
Major
scale
is
or
B,
no
sharp
or
flat,
thus
the
key
note
in
Major
would
be
as
follows:
1.
Sharp
Faw
the
key
note
would
be
on
G.
2.
Sharp
Faw
the
key
note
would
be
on
D.
3.
Sharp
Faw
the
key
note
would
be
on
A.
4.
Sharp
Faw
the
key
note
would
be
on
E.
5.
Sharp
Faw
the
key
note
would
be
on
B.
6.
Sharp
Faw
the
key
note
would
be
on
F
sharp.
7.
Sharp
Faw
the
key
note
would
be
on
C.
Sharp.
The
above
is
for
four-note
method.
If
round
or
seven-shape
headed
notes
are
used,
Do
would
be
the
key
note
in
place
of
Faw.
Minor
key
it
would
be
A,
no
sharp
or
flat.
1.
Sharp
Law
the
key
note
would
be
on
E.
2.
Sharp
Law
the
key
note
would
be
on
B.
3.
Sharp
Law
the
key
note
would
be
F
sharp.
4.
Sharp
Law
the
key
note
would
be
on
C
sharp.
5.
Sharp
Law
the
key
note
would
be
on
G
sharp.
6.
Sharp
law
the
key
note
would
be
on
D
sharp.
7.
Sharp
Law
the
key
note
would
be
on
A
sharp.
If
the
round
or
seven-shape
notes
are
used,
the
same
key
note
Law
will
be
used.
As
above,
the
key
note
is
the
same
in
four-shape,
seven-shape
or
round
notes.
Four-shape
Method.
1.
Flat
key
of
F
Faw.
2.
Flat
key
of
B
b
Faw.
3.
Flat
key
of
E
b
Faw.
4.
Flat
key
of
A
b
Faw.
By
Flats.
Major.
5.
Flat
key
of
D
b
Faw.
6.
Flat
key
of
G
b
Faw.
7.
Flat
key
of
C
b
Faw.
If
the
seven-shape
or
round
notes
are
used,
the
key
note
will
be
Do
in
the
place
of
Faw.
Minor.
1.
Flat
key
of
D
Law.
2.
Flat
key
of
G
Law.
3.
Flat
key
of
C
Law.
Four-shaped
Method.
4.
Flat
key
of
F
Law.
5.
Flat
key
of
B
b
Law.
6.
Flat
key
of
E
b
Law.
7.
Flat
key
of
A
b
Law.
If
round
or
seven-shape
notes
are
used,
the
same
key
note
Law
will
be
used
as
in
the
four-note
system.